遠望 港機
軍工品質
50年專注起重機械設備品質上乘
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技術中心 > 起重機結構和分類說明
起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)基本結(jie)(jie)構各種起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)不同，構造(zao)上有(you)(you)很大差(cha)異，但都(dou)(dou)具有(you)(you)完(wan)(wan)結(jie)(jie)升(sheng)降這一基本動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)升(sheng)結(jie)(jie)構。有(you)(you)些起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)還具有(you)(you)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行結(jie)(jie)構、變幅結(jie)(jie)構、反轉結(jie)(jie)構或其(qi)(qi)他(ta)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)業(ye)結(jie)(jie)構。物料(liao)能(neng)夠由(you)(you)鋼絲繩或起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鏈條等(deng)撓性(xing)件(jian)吊掛著升(sheng)降，也(ye)可由(you)(you)螺桿或其(qi)(qi)他(ta)剛性(xing)件(jian)頂舉。起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)是一種空間運(yun)(yun)(yun)送設(she)備，首要作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)是完(wan)(wan)結(jie)(jie)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)物的(de)(de)(de)位移。它能(neng)夠減輕勞動(dong)(dong)強度(du)，提(ti)高勞動(dong)(dong)出(chu)產(chan)(chan)率(lv)。起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)是現代化(hua)(hua)出(chu)產(chan)(chan)不行短少的(de)(de)(de)組成部分，有(you)(you)些起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)還能(neng)在(zai)出(chu)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)進行某些特別的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝操作(zuo)，使出(chu)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)完(wan)(wan)結(jie)(jie)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)化(hua)(hua)和自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)。起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)協助人(ren)類在(zai)降服(fu)天(tian)(tian)然改造(zao)天(tian)(tian)然的(de)(de)(de)活動(dong)(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)，完(wan)(wan)結(jie)(jie)了(le)曩(nang)昔無法(fa)完(wan)(wan)結(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)大件(jian)物件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)吊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)和移動(dong)(dong)，如重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型船只的(de)(de)(de)分段拼(pin)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)，化(hua)(hua)工(gong)反應塔的(de)(de)(de)全體(ti)(ti)吊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)，體(ti)(ti)育場館鋼屋(wu)架的(de)(de)(de)全體(ti)(ti)吊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)等(deng)。運(yun)(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)有(you)(you)巨(ju)大的(de)(de)(de)市場需求和杰出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟性(xing)，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)制(zhi)造(zao)職(zhi)業(ye)發展(zhan)迅速，年均增(zeng)長約20%。由(you)(you)于從原材(cai)料(liao)到產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，利用(yong)(yong)(yong)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)送機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)對物料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)搬運(yun)(yun)(yun)量(liang)(liang)常常是產(chan)(chan)品(pin)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)十(shi)倍(bei)(bei)，乃至數百倍(bei)(bei)。據統(tong)計(ji)，機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加工(gong)職(zhi)業(ye)每(mei)出(chu)產(chan)(chan)1噸(dun)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)，在(zai)加工(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)要裝(zhuang)(zhuang)卸(xie)、搬運(yun)(yun)(yun)50噸(dun)物料(liao)，在(zai)鑄造(zao)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)要搬運(yun)(yun)(yun)80噸(dun)物料(liao)。在(zai)冶(ye)金(jin)職(zhi)業(ye)每(mei)冶(ye)煉(lian)1噸(dun)鋼，需求搬運(yun)(yun)(yun)9噸(dun)質料(liao)，車(che)間之間的(de)(de)(de)轉運(yun)(yun)(yun)量(liang)(liang)為63噸(dun)，車(che)間內部的(de)(de)(de)轉運(yun)(yun)(yun)量(liang)(liang)達160噸(dun)。 起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)送費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)傳(chuan)統(tong)職(zhi)業(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)占(zhan)(zhan)有(you)(you)較高份額，如機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)送的(de)(de)(de)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)占(zhan)(zhan)悉數出(chu)產(chan)(chan)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)15～30%，冶(ye)金(jin)職(zhi)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)送的(de)(de)(de)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)占(zhan)(zhan)悉數出(chu)產(chan)(chan)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)35～45%，交通運(yun)(yun)(yun)送職(zhi)業(ye)貨物的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)卸(xie)儲存(cun)都(dou)(dou)要依托起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)送機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)，據統(tong)計(ji)海運(yun)(yun)(yun)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)卸(xie)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)占(zhan)(zhan)總運(yun)(yun)(yun)費(fei)的(de)(de)(de)30～60%。
起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)械按結構(gou)不(bu)同(tong)可分為輕(qing)小型起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)設備
車(che)用(yong)(yong)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)械備、升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)機(ji)、起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)和架空(kong)(kong)單(dan)軌(gui)體系等(deng)幾類。輕小型(xing)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)設備首(shou)要(yao)包含起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)滑車(che)、吊具(ju)、千(qian)斤(jin)頂(ding)(ding)、手動葫蘆、電(dian)動葫蘆和一般絞車(che)，大多(duo)體積(ji)小、重(zhong)量(liang)輕、運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)方(fang)便。除電(dian)動葫蘆和絞車(che)外，絕大多(duo)數用(yong)(yong)人力驅動，適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)作(zuo)業不(bu)深重(zhong)的(de)場合。它們能夠單(dan)獨運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)，有的(de)也可作(zuo)為起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)升(sheng)(sheng)結構。有些(xie)輕小型(xing)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)設備的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)才能很(hen)大，如(ru)液壓千(qian)斤(jin)頂(ding)(ding)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)量(liang)已達(da) 750噸。升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)機(ji)首(shou)要(yao)作(zuo)筆直(zhi)或近(jin)于(yu)筆直(zhi)的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)運(yun)(yun)動，具(ju)有固定的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)道(dao)路，包含電(dian)梯、升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)臺、礦井提高機(ji)和料斗升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)機(ji)等(deng)。起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)是在一定范圍內筆直(zhi)提高并水平搬運(yun)(yun)重(zhong)物(wu)的(de)多(duo)動作(zuo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)械。架空(kong)(kong)單(dan)軌(gui)體系具(ju)有剛性吊掛(gua)軌(gui)道(dao)所構成的(de)線路，能把物(wu)料運(yun)(yun)送到廠房各部(bu)分(fen)，也可擴展(zhan)到廠房的(de)外部(bu)。
